41 Cal. 3d 1 - People v. Croy’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 314 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 324 later decisions — most recently June 2018 · most notably People v. Prettyman (1996), 46 Cal. 3d 919 - People v. Bean (1988)
1 federal appellate · 314 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 10 Cal. 3d 703 - People v. Sedeno · Connecticut v. Johnson · 35 Cal. 3d 547 - People v. Beeman · 64 Cal. 2d 310 - People v. Conley · 35 Cal. 3d 131 - Carlos v. Superior Court
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 324 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] defendant whose liability is predicated on his status as an aider and abettor need not have intended to encourage or facilitate the particular offense ultimately committed by the perpetrator. His knowledge that an act which is criminal was intended, and'his action taken with the intent that the act be encouraged or facilitated, are sufficient to impose liability on him for any reasonably foreseeable offense committed as a consequence by the perpetrator.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“is guilty not only of the offense he intended to facilitate or encourage, but also of any reasonably foreseeable offense committed by the person he aids and abets.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Merely assenting to or aiding or assisting in the commission of a crime without knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator and without the intent or purpose of committing, encouraging or facilitating the commission of the crime is not criminal. Thus a person who assents to, or aids, or assists in, the commission of a crime without that knowledge and without that intent or purpose is not an accomplice in the commission of the crime.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.