Conard v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1940
Citation profile
30 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently December 1995 · most notably Bellington v. Township of East Windsor (1955), Pa. Liq. Con. Bd. v. Publicker (1943)
30 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mountain Timber Company v. State of Washington · New York Central Hudson River Railroad Company v. United States · Quong Wing v. Kirkendall · Green v. Biddle · Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It is generally agreed that a classification for the purpose of taxation, not purely arbitrary but based on reason, is entirely proper; and that uniformity as applied to occupation taxation simply means taxation that acts alike on all persons similarly situated. The differences upon which the classification is based need not be great or conspicuous; nor is it necessary that the court perceive the precise legislative reason for the classification, for if any state of facts can reasonably be conceived that would sustain the classification, the existence of that state of facts at the time of the enactment of the law must be assumed. There is, of course, no fixed standard by which the reasonableness of the classification can be measured, and each case must stand upon its own particular facts. The Legislature has a broad discretion in the matter of classification, and the courts will not assume to review the classification unless it is clearly arbitrary. The courts will not assume to substitute their judgment as to what is reasonable and proper, or whether the classification is the wisest or best that could be made, and the classification will be held valid if the court is able to see that the Legislature could regard it as reasonable and proper without doing violence to common sense. “The constitutionality of the act is, of course, presumed; and it follows that the reasonableness of the classification is also presumed, and that the burden rests upon the objector to show that it ”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If the imposition [of a license requirement] has for its primary object the discouragement of dangerous employments, the protection of the safety of the public, or of citizens, or the regulation of relative rights, privileges or duties as between individuals, then the legislation may fairly be regarded as an exercise of the police power for the public welfare.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““Now few principles could be clearer or the authorities more uniform than those which state that a court will not listen to an objection made to the constitutionality of an act by a party whose rights it does not affect, and who has therefore no interest in defeating it.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.