United States v. Arlt’s Empirical Analysis
41 F.3d 516 · 1994
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 2 district · 24 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 106 later decisions — most recently September 2023 · most notably 20 Cal. 4th 701 - People v. Welch (1999), State v. Stenson (1997)
35 federal appellate · 2 district · 24 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Faretta v. California · Dusky v. United States · Brewer v. Williams · Adams v. United States Ex Rel. McCann · McKaskle v. Wiggins
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 106 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he exercise of his right to do so cannot be dependent upon the renewal of that position by the very counsel he sought to dismiss. Similarly, a defendant does not need to endlessly renew his position or object to the presence of counsel. After Black’s unequivocal and timely assertion of his right was clearly rejected, he was not required to “make fruitless motions or forego cooperation with defense counsel to preserve the issue on appeal.””
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A defendant must make an explicit choice between exercising the right to counsel and the right to self-representation so that a court may be reasonably certain that the defendant wishes to represent himself.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“every reasonable presumption against waiver.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.