Steffan v. Perry’s Empirical Analysis
41 F.3d 677 · 1994
Citation profile
66 federal appellate · 19 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019 · most notably Romer Governor of Colorado v. Evans (1996), Hettinga v. United States (2012)
66 federal appellate · 19 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 10 U.S.C. § 925 · 5 U.S.C. § 702
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Elrod v. Burns · Broadrick v. Oklahoma
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is hard to imagine a more deferential standard than rational basis, but when judging the rationality of a regulation in the military context, we owe even more special deference . . .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the burden is on the one attacking the legislative arrangement to negative every conceivable basis which might support it, whether or not the basis has a foundation in the record.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he military may reasonably assume that when a member states that he is a homosexual, that member means that he either engages or is likely to engage in homosexual conduct.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.