41 U.S.C. § 104
Section 104 · Administration of chapter
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 3 court decisions — leading case Piggly Wiggly Corporation v. United States (1949)
Most recently applied in 128 F. Supp. 824 - Monolith Portland Midwest Co. v. Reconstruction Finance Corp. (January 1955)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
In this subtitle, the term "commercially available off-the-shelf item"—
(1) means an item that—
(A) is a commercial product (as described in section 103(1) of this title);
(B) is sold in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace; and
(C) is offered to the Federal Government, without modification, in the same form in which it is sold in the commercial marketplace; but
(2) does not include bulk cargo, as defined in section 40102(4) of title 46, such as agricultural products and petroleum products.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Section
In paragraph (2), the words "section 40102(4) of title 46" are substituted for "section 3 of the Shipping Act of 1984 (46 U.S.C. App. 1702)" because of section 18(c) of Public Law 109–304 (46 U.S.C. note prec. 101).
Amendments
2018—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 115–232, which directed substitution of "commercial product" for "commercial item" in section 104(1)(A), without specifying the Code title to be amended, was executed by making the substitution in par. (1)(A) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.