Walker v. Blackwell’s Empirical Analysis
411 F.2d 23 · 1969
Citation profile
45 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 91 later decisions — most recently December 2006 · most notably McCann v. Coughlin (1983), Guajardo v. Estelle (1978)
45 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Lee v. Washington · 263 F. Supp. 327 - Washington v. Lee · Herman Jackson, Jr. v. James B. Godwin, Etc. · Long v. Parker · James Pierce v. J. E. La Vallee, Warden of Clinton Prison, Dannemora, New York, Martin T. Sostre v. J. E. La Vallee, Warden of Clinton Prison, Dannemora, New York, William Sa Marion v. J. E. La Vallee, Warden of Clinton Prison, Dannemora, New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 91 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is our opinion that considerations of security and administrative expense outweigh whatever constitutional deprivation petitioners may claim. In this regard, the court holds that the government has demonstrated a substantial and compelling interest, that of security, which compels the deprivation of these after-sunset meals during the month of December (Ramadan). In addition, the added expense of purchasing and preparing this special food, in the light of the present ability of the Muslims to sustain themselves without eating essence of swine, is another substantial reason for placing these minor restrictions on the practice of the faith of Islam at the penitentiary.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““This is not to say, of course, that the warden cannot invoke security measures to screen out possible messages and contraband from the pages. Further, should the newspaper ever develop a substantially inflammatory effect on prison inmates, it is at the warden’s discretion to take action designed to avoid imminent prison violence.” 411 F.2d at 29 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Muhammad Speaks” newspaper], within the normal framework of prison rules and regulations, administration and security.”); Sostre v. McGinnis, 334 F.2d 906 , 911 (2d Cir.1964) (”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sutton v. Rasheed · Sutton
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.