St. John v. Hickey’s Empirical Analysis
411 F.3d 762 · 2005
Citation profile
18 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions — most recently April 2025 · most notably Ciminillo v. Streicher (2006), Livermore Rohm v. Lubelan (2007)
18 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“whether the totality of the circumstances justifies a particular sort of seizure.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[e]ven if there was evidence of resistance, it would be improper to determine whether the resistance justified the officers' actions because such a determination is for a jury in the first instance.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“interest in performing these actions, as gauged by `the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Griffith v. Coburn
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.