Vlandis v. Kline’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
359 federal appellate · 198 district · 486 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,598 later decisions (86 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2024 · most notably Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York (1978), City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center (1985)
359 federal appellate · 198 district · 486 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Stanley v. Illinois · Dandridge v. Williams · San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Shapiro v. Thompson
Cited together with Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur · Stanley v. Illinois · Weinberger v. Salfi · Dandridge v. Williams · Shapiro v. Thompson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,598 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]t is forbidden by the Due Process Clause to deny an individual the resident rates on the basis of a permanent and irrebuttable presumption of nonresidence, when that presumption is not necessarily or universally true in fact, and when the State has reasonable alternative means for making the crucial evaluation.”
34 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]t is forbidden by the Due Process Clause to deny an individual the resident [tuition] rates on the basis of a permanent and irrebuttable presumption of nonresidence, when that presumption is not necessarily or universally true in fact, and when the State has reasonable alternative means of making the crucial determination.”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage“Statutes creating permanent irrebuttable presumptions have long been disfavored under the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.