Wardius v. Oregon’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
255 federal appellate · 75 district · 934 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,500 later decisions (33 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2024 · most notably Pennsylvania v. Ritchie (1987), Taylor v. Illinois (1988)
255 federal appellate · 75 district · 934 state decisions — followed in 46 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Gideon v. Wainwright · Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Hayden · Washington v. Texas
Cited together with Brady v. State of Maryland · Williams v. Florida · Weatherford v. Bursey · Chapman v. State of California · Washington v. Texas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,500 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is fundamentally unfair to require a defendant to divulge the details of his own case while at the same time subjecting him to the hazard of surprise concerning refutation of the very pieces of evidence which he disclosed to the State.”
92 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]t is not in the interest of the effective administration of criminal justice to require that the government or the defendant be forced to reveal the names and addresses of its witnesses before trial. Discouragement of witnesses and improper contacts directed at influencing their testimony were deemed paramount concerns in the formulation of this policy. (a) Notice by Defendant. Upon written demand of the attorney for the government stating the time, date, and place at which the alleged offense was committed, the defendant shall serve within ten days, or at such different time as the court may direct, upon the attorney for the government a written notice of his intention to offer a defense of alibi. Such notice by the defendant shall state the specific place or places at which the defendant claims to have been at the time of the alleged offense and the names and addresses of the witnesses upon whom he intends to rely to establish such alibi. (b) Disclosure of Information and Witness. Within ten days thereafter, but in no event less than ten days before trial, unless the court otherwise directs, the attorney for the government shall serve upon the defendant or his attorney a written notice stating the names and addresses of the witnesses upon whom the government intends to rely to establish the defendant’s presence at the scene of the alleged offense and any other witnesses to be relied on to rebut the testimony of any of the defendant’s alibi witnesses. (c) Continuing Duty ”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“if there is to be any imbalance in discovery rights, it should work in the defendant's favor.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.