Procunier v. Martinez’s Empirical Analysis
1974
Citation profile
1,733 federal appellate · 577 district · 496 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 5,139 later decisions (134 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably Wolff v. McDonnell (1974), Bell v. Wolfish (1979)
1,733 federal appellate · 577 district · 496 state decisions — followed in 43 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Perry v. Sindermann · United States v. O'Brien · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · National Association for Advancement of Colored People v. State of Alabama Patterson
Cited together with Wolff v. McDonnell · Bell v. Wolfish · Pell v. Procunier · Turner v. Safley · Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Labor Union, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5,139 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the limitation of First Amendment freedoms must be no greater than is necessary or essential to the protection of the particular governmental interest involved.”
346 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“inflammatory political, racial, religious or other views,”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“policies followed at other well-run institutions [are] relevant to a determination of the need for a particular type of restriction,”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.