Geduldig v. Aiello’s Empirical Analysis
1974
Citation profile
278 federal appellate · 67 district · 202 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 889 later decisions (51 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Weinberger v. Salfi (1975), Usery v. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co. (1976)
278 federal appellate · 67 district · 202 state decisions — followed in 28 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Dandridge v. Williams · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Shapiro v. Thompson · Reed v. Reed · Graham v. Richardson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 889 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“that only women can become pregnant, it does not follow that every legislative classification concerning pregnancy is a sex-based classification.”
34 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“. . . Particularly with respect to social welfare programs, so long as the line drawn by the State is rationally supportable, the courts will not interpose their judgment as to the appropriate stopping point. `The Equal Protection Clause does not require that a State must choose between attacking every aspect of a problem or not attacking the problem at all.'”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“There is no risk from which men are protected and women are not. Likewise, there is no risk from which women are protected and men are not.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.