Parker v. Levy’s Empirical Analysis
1974
Citation profile
936 federal appellate · 246 district · 995 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,674 later decisions (103 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2025 · most notably Wolff v. McDonnell (1974), Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. (1982)
936 federal appellate · 246 district · 995 state decisions — followed in 44 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedLevy v. Parker (from Third Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 10 U.S.C. § 815 · 10 U.S.C. § 889 · 10 U.S.C. § 890 · 10 U.S.C. § 892 · 10 U.S.C. § 893 · 10 U.S.C. § 908 · 10 U.S.C. § 910 · 10 U.S.C. § 912
Relies on Broadrick v. Oklahoma · Grayned v. City of Rockford · Connally v. General Construction Co. · Dombrowski v. Pfister · Screws v. United States
Cited together with Broadrick v. Oklahoma · Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. · Kolender v. Lawson · Smith v. Goguen · United States Civil Service Commission v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,674 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“One to whose conduct a statute clearly applies may not successfully challenge it for vagueness.”
61 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“While the members of the military are not excluded from the protection granted by the First Amendment, the different character of the military community and of the military mission requires a different application of those protections. The fundamental necessity for obedience, and the consequent necessity for imposition of discipline, may render permissible within the military that which would be constitutionally impermissible outside it.”
27 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a specialized society separate from civilian society,”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.