Frederick L. v. Thomas’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

7 federal appellate · 3 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Learning disabled pupils are those children who have a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Such disorders include such conditions as perceptual handicaps, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Such term does not include children who have learning problems which are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor handicaps, or mental retardation, or emotional disturbance, or of environmental disadvantage.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Frederick L. v. Thomas

2. “The District’s duty to provide appropriate educational services in accordance with a plan, and the Superintendent’s duty to enforce that obligation, are not contingent upon the Legislature’s full funding of reimbursable costs or upon the Superintendent’s approval of the District’s budget request.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Central York School District v. Commonwealth

3. “children of school age who deviate from the average in physical, mental, emotional or social characteristics to such an extent that they require special educational facilities or services.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
   e.g. Frederick L. v. Thomas