¶1Jackson P. Harbison, in the year 1872, borrowed of Vaughan $957.50, for which he made his note, payable at two months, with interest at the rate of. three per cent, a month until paid. For security he mortgaged three lots in the town of Hamburg, upon which were situate his dwelling house and a livery stable, with power of sale upon default of payment. "When the property was advertised by the mortgagee, Harbison filed his bill to enjoin the sale, claiming that the mortgage was void under section 2, of article 12, of the Constitution of 1868, which forbade a married man, or head of a family, incumbering his homestead.
¶2When the mortgage was executed, Harbison had neither wife nor children; indeed, had never been married. But his aged fatlxer occasionally paid him long visits, not being dependent, however, on the son for a home ; for his wife, a woman of property, had a residence in Little Eocl^, and he had other children with whom he was in the habit of spending a portion of his time. Harbison had, also, two nephews living with him, one of whom was twenty-three or twenty-four years old, and in his employment. The other was not quite of age. Both had means of their own, and pecuniarily were independent of their uncle.
¶3The court below decreed foreclosure of the mortgage upon the cress-bill of the defendant.
¶4The protection of the family from dependence and want is the object of all homestead laws. Apart from his family the debtor is entitled to no special consideration. Tomlinson v. Swinney, 22 Ark., 40; McKenzie v. Murphy, 24 Ib., 157; Ward v. Mayfield, 41 Ib., 94.
¶5However, it is not necessary that the homestead claimant should be a husband or a parent. But to constitute a family, within the meaning of such statutes, something more is required than a mere aggregation of individuals residing in the same house. The cases seem to unite upon this test — that there must be an obligation upon the head of the house to support the others, or some of them, and a corresponding state of dependence on the part of the members so supported. Thompson on Homesteads and Exemptions, ch. 2, and particularly see. 46.
¶6Greenwood & Son v. Maddox & Toms, 27 Ark., 648, is not in conflict with this. Eor although it is there intimated that an elder brother, having charge of minor sisters, who were possessed of property in their own right, might be considered the head of a family, yet the case arose and was actually decided under section 3, article 12, Constitution of 1868, which did not restrict the benefit of exemption to married men or heads of families, but extended to all residents of the State.
¶7The decree below must, however, be modified in two-particulars. During the pendency of the suit, Harbison marrigd and afterwards died, and the cause was revived in the name of his infant son and sole heir. Against him a. personal judgment for the debt and damages was entered. This was unwarranted. lie was not personally liable. All the relief that the defendant could have in this suit was a condemnation of the lots to sale in case the debt and interest were not paid.
¶8Again: The judgment is made to carry interest from its rendition at the rate of three per cent, a month. This is to-be reduced to ten per cent., according to the role settled in Badgett v. Jordan, 32 Ark., 154, and Miller v. Kempner, Ibid, 573.
¶9Reversed and remanded, with directions to render a decree in favor of the defendant in accordance with this opinion and to proceed with its execution.
¶10The appellant will recover the costs of this court.