Lee v. Marshall’s Empirical Analysis
42 F.3d 1296 · 1994
Citation profile
26 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Jeffries v. Wood (1997), United States v. Houlihan (1996)
26 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on United States v. Olano · Kotteakos v. United States · Brecht v. Abrahamson · Arizona v. Fulminante · In re Miller
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he [Supreme] Court's review of 'intrusion' jurisprudence in Olano demonstrates that intrusion should normally be analyzed for its prejudicial impact upon the deliberations.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“except in the rare egregious case, an intrusion into the jury's deliberation must be analyzed for its prejudicial impact on the jury's verdict....”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“substantial and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury's verdict.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.