United States v. Earls’s Empirical Analysis
42 F.3d 1321 · 1994
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 7 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably United States v. Danhauer (2000), United States v. Lang (1996)
29 federal appellate · 7 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2518 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 3161 (§ 101 of the Speedy Trial Act of 1974) · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on United States v. Leon · Scott v. United States · Nicholas v. United States · Joseph v. United States · Scherl v. Fisher
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the gun was proximate to the drug offense.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“`it is generally accepted procedure to use `and' in an indictment where a statute uses the word `or' . . . [because] [t]his assures that defendants are not convicted on information not considered by the grand jury.' Moreover, it is `entirely proper' for the district court to instruct the jury in the disjunctive, though the indictment is worded in the conjunctive”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.