United States v. White’s Empirical Analysis
42 F.3d 457 · 1994
Citation profile
41 federal appellate · 3 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 63 later decisions — most recently March 2022 · most notably United States v. Beck (1998), United States v. Finke (1996)
41 federal appellate · 3 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Kashif v. United States · Calder v. Job · United States v. Bloomfield · United States v. Cummins · United States v. Barahona
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 63 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A consensual search does not violate the Fourth Amendment if the consent was voluntarily given without coercion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]hen police need the assistance of a drug dog in roadside Terry stops, it will in general take time to obtain one; local government police forces and the state highway patrol cannot be expected to have drug dogs immediately available to all officers in the field at all times. Courts must consider the law enforcement purposes to be served by the stop as well as the time reasonably needed to effectuate those purposes.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“acted diligently to obtain the dog, and the delay was caused only by the remote location of the closest available dog.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.