42 U.S.C. § 12132
Section 12132 · Discrimination
This is § 202 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Amended 1 time on record
The circuits are split over this section — Whether Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to employment discrimination claims
Applied in 1,948 court decisions — leading case Board of Trustees of the University of Alabamas v. Patricia Garrett (2001)
Most recently applied in 2025 IL App (1st) 250467 - In re A.M. (December 2025)
Applied most in the First Circuit Circuit (117 decisions)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 29 U.S.C. § 794 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 · 42 U.S.C. § 12131
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Subject to the provisions of this subchapter, no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.