42 U.S.C. § 13951
Section 13951 · Confidentiality of abused persons address
This is § 40281 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 59 court decisions — leading case Blue Cross Blue Shield v. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP (2009)
Most recently applied in United States v. Adams (March 2019)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Not later than 90 days after September 13, 1994, the United States Postal Service shall promulgate regulations to secure the confidentiality of domestic violence shelters and abused persons’ addresses.
The regulations under subsection (a) of this section shall require—
(1) in the case of an individual, the presentation to an appropriate postal official of a valid, outstanding protection order; and
(2) in the case of a domestic violence shelter, the presentation to an appropriate postal authority of proof from a State domestic violence coalition that meets the requirements of section 10410 of this title verifying that the organization is a domestic violence shelter.
The regulations under subsection (a) of this section shall not prohibit the disclosure of addresses to State or Federal agencies for legitimate law enforcement or other governmental purposes.
Compilations of addresses existing at the time at which order is presented to an appropriate postal official shall be excluded from the scope of the regulations under subsection (a) of this section.