42 U.S.C. § 2
Section 2 · Omitted
Applied in 41 court decisions — leading case Griffith v. City of Des Moines (2004)
Most recently applied in Clarissa Gilmore v. Georgia Department of Corrections (July 2024)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.