Antoine v. Washington’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
181 federal appellate · 38 district · 113 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 517 later decisions (38 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez (1978), Washington v. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation (1980)
181 federal appellate · 38 district · 113 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Morton v. Mancari · Morton v. Ruiz · United States v. Kagama · Samuel Worcester v. The State of Georgia · Choate v. Trapp
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 517 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“reasonable and necessary conservation measure”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“right to hunt and fish in common with all other persons on lands not allotted to said Indians shall not be taken away or in anywise abridged.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The construction, instead of being strict, is liberal; doubtful expressions, instead of being resolved in favor of the United States, are to be resolved in favor of a weak and defenseless people, who are wards of the nation, and dependent wholly upon its protection and good faith. This rule of construction has been recognized, without exception, for more than a hundred years . . ..”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.