United States v. Munroe’s Empirical Analysis
421 F.2d 644 · 1970
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently June 2013 · most notably United States v. Lurz (1981), United States of America v. Bountaem Chanthadara (2000)
24 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3500 · 18 U.S.C. § 495
Relies on United States v. Wade · Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Hayden · Gurleski v. United States · Pearson v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““. . . The requirements of the Fourth Amendment can secure the same protection of privacy whether the search is for ‘mere evidence’ or for fruits, in-strumentalities or contraband. There must, of course, be a nexus — automatically provided in the case of fruits, in-strumentalities or contraband — between the item to be seized and criminal behavior. Thus in the case of ‘mere evidence,’ probable cause must be examined in terms of cause to believe that the evidence sought will aid in a particular apprehension or conviction. In so doing, consideration of police purposes will be required. * * * But no such problem is presented in this case. The clothes found in the washing machine matched the description of those worn by the robber and the police therefore could reasonably believe that the items would aid in the identification of the culprit. “387 U.S. at 306-307, 87 S.Ct. at 1650.” “See also Gurleski v. United States, 5 Cir. 1968, 405 F.2d 253, 256-260 .” United States v. Munroe, 421 F.2d 644 (5th Cir. 1970)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Chambers v. State““ . . . [Mjere evidence, as distinguished from fruits or instru mentalities of a crime or contraband, may be seized, provided there is a nexus between the items seized and the criminal investigation being undertaken.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.