421 So. 2d 874 - State v. Williams’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
105 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 105 later decisions — most recently July 2014 · most notably 441 So. 2d 1195 - State v. Belton (1983), 626 So. 2d 707 - State v. Tucker (1993)
105 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · 338 So. 2d 584 - State v. Crosby · 302 So. 2d 869 - State v. Saia · 390 So. 2d 1309 - State v. Wade · 385 So. 2d 207 - State v. Edsall
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 105 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[G]iven the sudden departure of the trio at the approach of the police, given the furtive gesture of one of them and the coincident attempt at departure by defendant in his vehicle, the officers' hunch flowered into reasonable suspicion, based on articulable facts....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“"Reasonable suspicion" is something less than the probable cause required for an arrest, and the reviewing court must look to the facts and circumstances of each case to determine whether the detaining officer had sufficient facts within his knowledge to justify an infringement of the suspect's rights. Mere suspicion of activity is not a sufficient basis for police interference with an individual's freedom. [Citations omitted.]”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Although a defendant's furtiveness may be highly suspicious and is a factor to be considered in this determintion (sic), his flight, nervousness, or startled look at the sight of a police officer, without any relationship to a violation of criminal law, is insufficient to justify an investigatory stop. [citations omitted] Applying these principles to the admittedly close facts in the instant case, we conclude that the police officers did not have reasonable cause to make an investigatory stop of the defendant based on a suspicion that he had engaged in a narcotics transaction. Although the defendant's running from the scene upon seeing the officers is a factor to be considered, this flight was is (sic) still insufficient to justify an investigatory stop where the officers did not know what was in defendant's hand, saw no exchange of money, and had not recognized either the defendant or his companion as a known drug dealer.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.