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421 S.W.2d 398

Acker v. State

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas

Decided October 18, 1967

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas · decided 1967-10-18

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““In view of our disposition of the case, a recitation of the facts is unnecessary other than to observe that upon the trial the eleven-year-old child named in the indictment identified the appellant as a man who had exposed his sexual parts to her on the date alleged. She further stated that after she had reported the in cident to her parents she not only identified a picture of appellant but also identified the appellant, in person, at a police lineup as the man who had exposed himself to her. “Testifying in his own behalf, appellant denied that he was the man. He also testified to an alibi and was corroborated by other testimony in support of the defense. “Over appellant’s timely objection, the state was permitted to show by the testimony of Officers Bynum and Brumit that the minor child did identify appel-lánt at the police lineup and also picked out his picture, from a number of pictures furnished her by the officers, as the man who had exposed himself to her. “Appellant objected to the testimony on the ground that it was an effort by the state to bolster the testimony of an un-impeached witness. “In permitting the testimony over such objection, the court erred. The child had positively identified appellant at the trial as the guilty party. True, she was fully cross-examined by appellant with reference to her identification but she was not impeached. “It is the rule that while a witness who has identified her assailant at the trial may testify that she also identified him”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Jackson v. State

Relies on Klopfer v. State of North Carolina · Lyons v. State · Ex Parte J. C. Hodges

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1967-10-18

How this case has been cited

Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently February 2001 · most notably Livingston v. State (1987), McKay v. State (1985)

29 state decisions

15019671970198019902000decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1OPINION

MORRISON, Judge.

¶2The offense is murder; the punishment, IS years.

¶3Soon after the return of an indictment charging appellant with the offense for *400which he is here convicted, appellant filed a motion with the Judge of the Court in which the indictment was returned asking for a speedy trial in which it was alleged that the State declined to agree upon a speedy trial without any valid reason.

¶4Shortly thereafter the case was set for trial and on such date of trial the State filed a motion for continuance alleging that their only eye witness to the shooting was the wife of appellant and she was in the process of securing a divorce from him, upon the granting of which she would cease to he an incompetent witness and would be available to testify against appellant. This motion for continuance was overruled by the Court, whereupon the State filed a motion to dismiss the indictment in which the same ground as set forth in the motion for continuance was urged. In his order of dismissal, the trial judge gave the following as his reasons for dismissing the indictment:

“Lack of sufficient evidence at this time to obtain a conviction by virtue of the fact that the State’s chief witness is incompetent to testify at this time; which have been heard by the Court; the Court is satisfied that the reasons so stated are good and sufficient to authorize such dismissal.”

¶5Some five weeks after the dismissal of the indictment, Mrs. Acker filed a motion to dismiss her divorce action against appellant and said motion was granted.

¶6Some three months later, another indictment was returned in another District Court charging appellant with the same offense as' was charged in the earlier indictment.

¶7One month later, Mrs. Acker filed another petition for divorce against appellant, and the same was granted in due time.

¶8During the next interval of time appellant was tried upon an indictment charging him with assaulting Mrs. Acker with intent to murder her, (The date alleged was the same date as set forth in the murder indictment) and was by a jury acquitted.

¶9In less than two months thereafter, the instant trial began. After appellant had plead to the indictment, a petition for writ of error and bond were filed in the divorce court in order to perfect an appeal of such judgment of divorce to the Court of Civil Appeals.

¶10By motion in limine and by strenuous objection throughout the trial, appellant challenged the competency of Mrs. Acker to testify against him, alleging that the divorce judgment was not final, as the same was on appeal.

¶11No new question is presented here. In Davis v. State, 96 Tex.Cr.R. 367, 257 S.W. 1099, the identical fact situation was before this Court and judgment was reversed because of the incompetency of the wife as a witness at the time of the trial.

¶12The holding of this Court in Davis v. State, supra, seems to be in line with a well established rule. We quote from 97 C.J.S. Witnesses § 80, as follows:

“Where a decree of divorce is not final, as where there is a writ of error pending, the status of husband and wife continues as far as concerns their competency to testify. During the period after rendition of the decree and before a divorce becomes effective to change the status of the parties, the parties are husband and wife with respect to their competency to testify for or against each other.”

¶13See also Ex parte Hodges, Tex., 109 S.W. 2d 964.

¶14We overrule the State’s contention, not supported by authority, that since Mrs. Acker was a competent witness at the time appellant plead to the indictment, she remained competent throughout the trial.

¶15We decline appellant’s plea that this conviction be reversed and the prosecution *401dismissed. Only 14 months elapsed between the return of the first indictment and the jury verdict in this case. There is no statute of limitation for the offense of murder in this State, and the reasoning of the Supreme Court of the United States in Klopfer v. State of North Carolina, 386 U.S. 213, 87 S.Ct. 988, 18 L.Ed.2d 1, has no direct application here.

¶16As the Court did in Davis v. State, supra, we point out certain guidelines in the event of a future trial of such cause. Appellant’s defense was that he was justified in shooting the deceased under Article 1220, Vernon’s Ann.P.C., the adultery statute. He denied that he had ever threatened his wife (Mrs. Acker) or the deceased.

¶17Mrs. Acker testified without objection on direct examination that during her marriage to appellant and long prior to the shooting, he had threatened to kill her and her former husband if he ever caught them together. She testified at this trial that appellant came to her home, found her former husband seated on the sofa in the living room, returned to his pickup, secured a .22 rifle and shot the deceased, causing his death. She was also shot in the melee, but apparently was not seriously injured. It will thus be seen that her account of how the homicide occurred coincided exactly with the threats she had attributed to appellant. Appellant’s version of the shooting was diametrically opposed to such version.

¶18On cross examination she was questioned about reconciliations she had had with appellant, all of which she admitted. She was then questioned about what fear had been engendered in her heart by these prior threats. She testified consistently throughout her lengthy cross and redirect examination that she feared appellant and had been under the influence of such fear for a long time prior to this shooting. Not once did she vary, nor was any evidence adduced from any other source indicating that she had voiced any lack of fear of appellant as the result of his threats.

¶19After appellant had rested, the State was permitted over timely and strenuous objections to introduce into evidence portions of her petition for divorce filed after the shooting, in which it was alleged that appellant was a man of wild and ungovernable temper, was a vicious and mean person, had threatened her with serious bodily harm and placed her in great fear of her life. It was the State’s position that the petition was admissible in rebuttal of the attempted impeachment “that she was in fear of the defendant.”

¶20Such bolstering testimony was not admissible because she had not been impeached. This Court in Morton v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 71 S.W. 281, held that it was. error to bolster the testimony of a witness who had been subjected to vigorous cross examination and had not varied from his original account of what had transpired. No other evidence of an inconsistency in his utterances was offered.

¶21In Satterwhite v. State, 77 Tex.Cr.R. 130, 177 S.W. 959, this Court said:

“If appellant had shown she had made contrary statements to her testimony on the witness stand, they might then introduce testimony sustaining her statement made at other and different times under legal principles. But that was not the case. A rigid cross-examination of the witness does not authorize corroboration of the witness. She must be placed in the attitude of having changed her testimony or testified differently now from what she had formerly stated.”

¶22In the relatively recent case of Ballew v. State, 161 Tex.Cr.R. 579, 279 S.W.2d 336, we said in reversing that conviction:

“It will thus be seen that the State was permitted over strenuous obj ection to bolster the testimony of the only other witness present by proving that he had made a sworn statement two days after the incident and had testified before grand juries about prosecutrix’s outcries. We *402conclude that this was both an effective and improper method of bolstering the State’s witness and calls for a reversal of this conviction.”

¶23Still more recently in Lyons v. State, Tex. Cr.App., 388 S.W.2d 950, we said: “True, she was fully cross-examined by appellant but she was not impeached.”

¶24It should also be noted that pleadings in another lawsuit have been held inadmissible as hearsay. Granata v. Mothner, Tex.Civ.App., 44 S.W.2d 817.

¶25There is another reason why Mrs. Acker’s petition for divorce should not have been admitted. Her testimony as stated, was that she had been afraid of appellant for a long time prior to the shooting. If she had in fact been impeached, this petition would still not have been admissible because the petition was not drawn until after the shooting and it was not admissible to corroborate her assertion of fear at an earlier time because the shooting had intervened. We quote from 140 A.L.R., p. 164, as follows:

“In order that the rule admitting evidence of declarations of an impeached witness if consistent with his testimony may be properly applied, and that the evidence admitted under it may furnish the foundation for some rational presumption in corroboration of the witness’ credibility, it should appear that there is real or substantial similarity in facts and circumstances between the sworn and un-sworn statements.”

¶26For the reasons stated, the judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded.

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