Hill v. Stone’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
65 federal appellate · 29 district · 112 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 293 later decisions (13 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Holt Civic Club v. City of Tuscaloosa (1978), American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Smith (1990)
65 federal appellate · 29 district · 112 state decisions — followed in 24 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Dunn v. Blumstein · Williams v. Rhodes · Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections Butts · Bullock v. Carter · Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 293 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The basic principle expressed in these cases [Kramer, Cipriano, and Phoenix] is that as long as the election in question is not one of special interest, any classification restricting the franchise on grounds other than residence, age, and citizenship cannot stand unless the district or State can demonstrate that the classification serves a compelling state interest.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in an election of general interest, restrictions on the franchise other than residence, age, and citizenship must promote a compelling state interest in order to survive constitutional attack.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“even under a system in which [payment] falls directly on property taxpayers, all members of the community share in the cost in various ways”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.