Wade, Christopher James’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

30 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “a defendant’s unprovoked flight from officers in an area of heavy narcotics trafficking supported reasonable suspicion that the defendant was involved in criminal activity and justified a stop in Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119 , 120 S.Ct. 673 , 145 L.Ed.2d 570 (2000)”); State v. Kerwick, 393 S.W.3d 270, 276 (Tex.Crim.App.2013) (”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Matthews, Cornelious L.

2. “Police officers are as free as any other citizen to approach citizens to ask for information or cooperation. Such consensual encounters may be uncomfortable for a citizen, but they are not Fourth Amendment seizures.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Chiarini v. State

3. “It is enough to satisfy the lesser standard of reasonable suspicion that the information is sufficiently detailed and reliable ... to suggest that something of an apparently criminal nature is brewing.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Villarreal v. State