Howard v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
423 F.2d 1102 · 1970
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 3 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 62 later decisions — most recently September 2012 · most notably United States v. One 1974 Cadillac Eldorado Sedan, Serial No. 6L47S4Q407966 (1977), United States v. Beechcraft Aircraft Model King Air A90 Cream with Burg & Gold Stripes Sn:lj-129 Faa Reg:-333gg Equipt (1985)
34 federal appellate · 3 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Carroll v. United States · Leary v. United States · Time, Inc. v. Bon Air Hotel, Inc. · Difronzo v. United States · Johnson v. Stevenson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 62 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The use of an automobile to commute to the scene of a crime does not justify the seizure of that automobile under sections 781 and 782.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We cannot condone an avoidance of Rule 23(c) by the expedient of conditioning a jury waiver on a waiver of special findings. The defendant’s right to such findings is not trivial, and his exercise of that right is not to be impaired by the exertion of pressure from the court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]o use any vessel, motor vehicle, or aircraft to facilitate the transportation, carriage, conveyance, concealment, receipt, possession, purchase, sale, barter, exchange, or giving away of any contraband article. (Emphasis added.)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.