Andrew L. Mannings, a Minor, by His Father and Next Friend, Willie Mannings v. The Board of Public Instruction of Hillsborough County, Florida’s Empirical Analysis
427 F.2d 874 · 1970
Citation profile
34 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently September 2004 · most notably Ross v. Houston Independent School District (1983), Debra P. v. Turlington (1981)
34 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Brown v. Board of Education · Green v. County School Board of New Kent County · Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ * * * In Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, * * * the mechanics of what must be done to bring about a unitary system were outlined. They were stated in terms of eliminating the racial identification of the schools in a dual system in six particulars: composition of student bodies, faculty, staff, transportation, extracurricular activities, and facilities * * *. It was such dual systems, organized and operated by the states acting through local school boards and school officials, which were held unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education, 1954, 347 U.S. 483 , 74 S.Ct. 686 , 98 L.Ed. 873 (Brown I), and which were ordered abolished in Brown v. Board of Education, 1955, 349 U.S. 294 , 75 S.Ct. 753 , 99 L.Ed. 1083 (Brown II). “In Green the court spoke in terms of the whole system — of converting to a unitary, nonracial school system from a dual system. Then, in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, * * * the court pointed to the end to be achieved. The result, if a constitutionally acceptable system may be said to exist, must be that the school system no longer operates as a dual system based on race or color but as a ‘unitary school * * [system] within which no person is to be effectively excluded from any school because of race or color.’ * * ” 423 F.2d at p. 204.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“We proceed to a determination of the status with respect to each of the six essential elements which go to disestablish a dual school system. Tested in this frame of reference, we find the Hillsborough system deficient in student assignments to certain schools, and to a degree in faculty and staff assignment throughout the system. Mannings, supra at 876 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“unitary school system within which no person is to be effectively excluded from any school because of race or color”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.