Ludwig v. Massachusetts’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
61 federal appellate · 34 district · 136 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 295 later decisions (18 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2022 · most notably Stone v. Powell (1976), United States v. DiFrancesco (1980)
61 federal appellate · 34 district · 136 state decisions — followed in 27 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Boykin v. Alabama · North Carolina v. Pearce · Benton v. Maryland · Duncan v. State of Louisiana · Argersinger v. Hamlin
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 295 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he right to a jury trial afforded by the Fourteenth Amendment is not identical to that guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Since appellant Ludwig did appeal and then expressly waived a jury in the second tier, we need not address the question whether a failure to take an appeal would constitute a knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to trial by jury.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“usually defined by reference to the maximum punishment that might be imposed ...,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.