United States v. Martinez-Fuerte’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
1,419 federal appellate · 179 district · 1,454 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,913 later decisions (140 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2025 · most notably Bell v. Wolfish (1979), Rakas v. Illinois (1979)
1,419 federal appellate · 179 district · 1,454 state decisions — followed in 47 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Martinez-Fuerte (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 8 U.S.C. § 1324 (§ 274 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter)) · 8 U.S.C. § 1357 (§ 287 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Carroll v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio · United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · Stone v. Powell
Cited together with Terry v. Ohio · Delaware v. Prouse · United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · Katz v. United States · United States v. Ortiz
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,913 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“to prevent arbitrary and oppressive interference by enforcement officials with the privacy and personal security of individuals.”
134 later decisions quote this exact passage“some quantum of individualized suspicion”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“some quantum of individualized suspicion ... [as] a prerequisite to a constitutional search or seizure. But the Fourth Amendment imposes no irreducible requirement of such suspicion.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.