Commonwealth v. Gonsalves’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 4 district · 126 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 133 later decisions — most recently March 2020 · most notably Commonwealth v. Jimenez (2002), State v. Sprague (2003)
3 federal appellate · 4 district · 126 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Pennsylvania v. Mimms · Maryland v. Wilson · Knowles v. Iowa · New York v. Class
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 133 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“it does not take much for a police officer to establish a reasonable basis to justify an exit order or search based on safety concerns.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“`Citizens do not expect that police officers handling a routine traffic violation will engage, in the absence of justification, in stalling tactics, obfuscation, strained conversation, or unjustified exit orders, to prolong the seizure in the hope that, sooner or later, the stop might yield up some evidence of an arrestable crime.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“a reasonably prudent man in the policeman's position would be warranted in such a belief.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.