Craig v. Boren’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
1,086 federal appellate · 361 district · 1,130 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 4,124 later decisions (243 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center (1985)
1,086 federal appellate · 361 district · 1,130 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · Younger v. Harris · Baker v. Carr · Stanley v. Illinois · Singleton v. Wulff
Cited together with Warth v. Seldin · Singleton v. Wulff · Reed v. Reed · Frontiero v. Richardson · San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 4,124 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“classifications by gender must serve important governmental objectives and must be substantially related to achievement of those objectives.”
63 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“vendors and those in like positions have been uniformly permitted to resist efforts at restricting their operations by acting as advocates of the rights of third parties who seek access to their market or function.”
23 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[0]ur decisions have settled that limitations on a litigant's assertion of jus tertii are not constitutionally mandated, but rather stem from a salutary "rule of self-restraint” designed to minimize unwarranted intervention into controversies where the applicable constitutional questions are ill-defined and speculative.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.