Bykofsky v. Borough of Middletown’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
57 federal appellate · 16 district · 45 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 157 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2014 · most notably Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison (1977), Simmons v. City of Philadelphia (1991)
57 federal appellate · 16 district · 45 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Roe v. Wade · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization · Prince v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts · Palko v. State of Connecticut
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 157 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The freedom to leave one’s house and move about at will is “of the very essence of a scheme of ordered liberty”. Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319, 325 [ 58 S.Ct. 149, 151 , 82 L.Ed. 288 ] (1937), and hence is protected against state intrusions by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. ... To justify a law that significantly intrudes on this freedom, therefore, a State must demonstrate that the law is “narrowly drawn” to further a “compelling state interest”.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“The rights of locomotion, freedom of movement, to go where one pleases, and to use the public streets in a way that does not interfere with the personal liberty of others are basic values `implicit in the concept of ordered liberty' protected by the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“The freedom to leave one’s house and move about at will is 'of the very essence of a scheme of ordered liberty,' ... and hence is protected against state intrusions by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”). 82 . See 398 S.W.3d at 228 (construing”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.