United States v. Clay’s Empirical Analysis
430 F.2d 165 · 1970
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 51 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2000 · most notably Mitchell v. Forsyth (1985), United States v. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1972)
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2511 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986) · 47 U.S.C. § 605
Relies on Katz v. United States · Alderman v. United States · Nardone v. United States · Welsh II v. United States · Chicago & Southern Air Lines, Inc. v. Waterman Steamship Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 51 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[ n ] othing inAlderman v. United States, Ivanov v. United States orButenko v. United States, 394 U.S. p. 165, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176, requires an adversary proceeding and full disclosure for resolution of every issue raised by an electronic surveillance. * * * Here the defendant was entitled to see a transcript of his own conversations and nothing else. He had no right to rummage in government files.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“related to the gathering of foreign intelligence was held to be lawful surveillance, reasonable and necessary to the protection of the national interest.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“for the purpose of gathering foreign intelligence information.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.