¶1MEMORANDUM
¶2Touma Touma, a native and citizen of Syria, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ order dismissing his appeal from an immigration judge’s decision denying his application for withholding of removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence factual findings, Wakkary v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1049, 1056 (9th Cir.2009), and we deny the petition for review.
¶3In his opening brief, Touma fails to challenge the agency’s dispositive determination that his asylum claim was time-barred.
¶4Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that any discrimination Touma may have experienced on account of his Christian religion did not rise to the level of past persecution. See Nagoulko v. INS, 333 F.3d 1012, 1016 (9th Cir.2003) (record did not compel finding that Ukrainian Pentecostal Christian who was “teased, bothered, discriminated against and harassed” suffered from past persecution).
¶5In addition, substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that Touma failed to 'establish a nexus between the persecution he fears from his creditors or the Syrian government and a statutorily protected ground. See Ochoa v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1166, 1172 (9th Cir.2005) (persecution as a result of a debt was not on account of a protected ground). Accordingly, Touma’s withholding of removal claim fails.
¶6Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s finding that Touma failed to establish a clear pi’obability that he would be persecuted on account of his Christian religion on return to Syria. See Hakeem v. INS, 273 F.3d 812, 816-17 (9th Cir.2001) (“An applicant’s claim of persecution upon return is weakened, even undercut, when similarly-situated family members continue to live in the country without incident, ... or when the applicant has returned to the country without incident.”) (internal citations omitted).
¶7Finally, substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of Touma’s CAT claim because he failed to show it is more likely than not that he will be tortured if returned to Syria. See Wakkary, 558 F.3d at 1067-68.
¶8PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
¶9 This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.