Califano v. Goldfarb’s Empirical Analysis
1977
Citation profile
201 federal appellate · 47 district · 143 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 742 later decisions (118 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center (1985), Cannon v. University of Chicago (1979)
201 federal appellate · 47 district · 143 state decisions — followed in 27 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Stanley v. Illinois · Dandridge v. Williams · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Weinberger v. Salfi · Taylor v. Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 742 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(C) lassifications by gender must serve important governmental objectives and must be substantially related to the achievement of those objectives.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“'archaic and overbroad' generalizations [citation omitted],”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“' Stanton v. Stanton, 421 U.S. 7 , 14, 95 S.Ct. 1373, 1377, 43 L.Ed.2d 688 (1975).”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.