432 Pa. Super. 167 - Commonwealth v. Birdseye’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 21 later decisions — most recently February 2023
21 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2516 (Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986)
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Aguilar v. Texas · Spinelli v. United States · Mahan & Rowsey, Inc. v. Oklahoma Natural Gas · Pelaes v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“must be adjudged by the totality of the circumstances. Pursuant to the “totality of the circumstances” test set forth by the United States Supreme Court ... the task of [the trial court] is simply to make a practical, common-sense decision whether, given all of the circumstances set forth in the affidavit before him, including the ‘veracity’ and ‘basis of knowledge’ of persons supplying hearsay information, there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. Thus, the totality of the circumstances test permits a balanced assessment of the relative weights of all the various indicia of reliability (and unreliability) attending an informant’s tip[.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[p]rostitution was not within Congress's intention of `other crimes dangerous to life, limb or property,' particularly where ... there has been no allegations [sic] of associated violence or threat of violence.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.