Batterton v. Francis’s Empirical Analysis
1977
Citation profile
667 federal appellate · 115 district · 169 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,723 later decisions (66 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2026 · most notably Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (1984), Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983)
667 federal appellate · 115 district · 169 state decisions — followed in 28 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe · Skidmore v. Swift & Co. · Camp v. Pitts · King v. Smith · Morton v. Ruiz
Cited together with Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Schweiker v. Gray Panthers · Skidmore v. Swift & Co. · General Electric Co. v. Gilbert · Udall v. Tallman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,723 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.”
82 later decisions quote this exact passage“[A] court is not required to give effect to an interpretative regulation.”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“issued by an agency pursuant to statutory authority and . . . implement the statute, as, for example, the proxy rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission . . . . Such rules have the force and effect of law.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.