434 So. 2d 1246 - State v. Ruffin’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

5 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[a]n arrest occurs when the circumstances indicate an intent to effect an extended restraint on the liberty of an accused, rather than at the precise time an officer tells an accused he is under arrest. State v. Commodore, 418 So.2d 1330 (La. 1982); State v. Wichers, 392 So.2d 419 (La.1980). When Detectives Denicola and Thompson stopped the Camaro automobile, drew their weapons, ordered the occupants of the vehicle to leave the vehicle and place their hands upon it and subsequently searched the vehicle and its occupants, an arrest had occurred. State v. Commodore, 418 So.2d at 1333 ; State v. Drott, 412 So.2d 984, 987 (La. 1982); State v. Morvant, 384 So.2d 765 (La.1980). State v. Ruffin, 434 So.2d 1246 (La.App.1st Cir.1983).”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 448 So. 2d 1274 - State v. Ruffin · 444 So. 2d 273 - State v. Sterling

2. “A peace officer may lawfully arrest a person without a warrant when he has reasonable (probable) cause to believe that the person to be arrested has committed an offense. La.C.Cr.P. art. 213. Probable cause to arrest exists when facts and circumstances within the arresting officer's knowledge and of which he has reasonable and trustworthy information are sufficient to justify a man of average caution in the belief that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing an offense. Although mere suspicion cannot justify an arrest, the officer does not need sufficient proof to convict. State v. Bell, 395 So.2d 805 (La.1981). Probable cause must be judged by the probabilities and practical considerations of everyday life on which average men, and particularly average police officers, can be expected to act.... Probable cause can be based on knowledge supplied to an officer by another person, even if the identity of the informant is kept confidential. Morvant, 384 So.2d at 768 . The test used to ascertain the credibility of a confidential informant who provides facts to support probable cause to make a warrantless arrest is the same as that used to determine the credibility of information derived from a confidential informant which is contained in a search warrant. State v. Edwards, 406 So.2d 1331 (La.1981). (Footnote omitted).”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 444 So. 2d 273 - State v. Sterling

3. “of persons supplying hearsay information, there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. And the duty of the reviewing court is simply to ensure that the magistrate had a”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 449 So. 2d 1043 - State v. Kleinpeter