United Air Lines, Inc. v. McMann’s Empirical Analysis
1977
Citation profile
267 federal appellate · 55 district · 42 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 580 later decisions (29 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2016 · most notably Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston (1985), MacKey v. Lanier Collection Agency & Service, Inc. (1988)
267 federal appellate · 55 district · 42 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedMcMann v. United Air Lines, Inc. (from Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 623 (§ 4 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 631 (§ 12 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on United States v. American Trucking Associations · Cruz v. Hauck · Parham v. Cortese · Phillips v. Walling US · Gooding v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 580 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a scheme, plan, stratagem, or artifice of evasion.”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(f) It shall not be unlawful for an employer, employment agency, or labor organization— (2) to observe the terms of a bona fide seniority system or any bona fide employee benefit plan such as a retirement, pension, or insurance plan, which is not a subterfuge to evade the purposes of this [Act], except that no such employee benefit plan shall excuse the failure to hire any individual.”
23 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Legislative observations 10 years after passage of the Act are in no sense part of the legislative history.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.