Jones ex rel. Estate of Jones v. Reynolds’s Empirical Analysis
438 F.3d 685 · 2006
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 65 later decisions — most recently November 2021 · most notably Revis v. Meldrum (2007), Gray v. University of Colorado Hospital Authority (2012)
16 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on County of Sacramento v. Lewis · Duncan v. Walker · SAUCIER v. KATZ Et Al. · Joshua Deshaney, a Minor, by His Guardian Ad Litem, and Melody Deshaney,s v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, et al. · Nebraska v. Wyoming
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 65 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) an affirmative act by the state which either created or increased the risk that the plaintiff would be exposed to an act of violence by a third party; (2) a special danger to the plaintiff wherein the state’s actions placed the plaintiff specifically at risk, as distinguished from a risk that affects the public at large; and (3) the state knew or should have known that its actions specifically endangered the plaintiff.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he people ... may well prefer a system of liability which would place upon the State and its officials the responsibility for failure to act in situations such as the present one. They may create such a system, if they do not have it already, by changing the tort law of the State in accordance with the regular lawmaking process. But they should not have it thrust upon them by this Court’s expansion of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Section 1983 provides a federal cause of action for civil damages against an individual acting under color of state law who deprives another of `rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Revis v. Meldrum · Draw
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.