¶1By act of Congress approved September 4, 1841, the United States granted to the State of Arkansas 500,000 acres of land for purposes of internal impi’ovement — the building of roads, railways, bridges and canals, and the improvement of water-courses and drainage of swamps. By subsequent legislation of this State, the proceeds arising from the sale of these lands were directed to be divided among the several counties. And it was further provided that, when a new county was established and an internal improvement commissioner had been elected, the commissioner of the county or counties out of which the new county had been formed, should pay over, on demand, to the commissioner of the new county a proportional dividend of such fund as it or they had received, and which remained unexpended at the time of the formation of the new county. Gould’s Digest, eh. 101, art. 3, secs. 37, 43.
¶2In 1868 the county of Sharp was created, being carved •out of the territory of Lawrence.
¶3The present bill was filed January 8, 1881, by the internal improvement commissioner of Sharp, who was appointed to the office by the county court of his county. It alleges that at the date of the creation of Sharp County there was an internal improvement fund belonging to the parent county, consisting of notes and bonds and amounting to several thousand dollars; that the records of Lawrence County show nothing in relation to this fund, after the establishment of the new county, until the year 1872, when a commissioner was appointed and the fund turned over to him; that in January, 1878, said commissioner filed his report, showing a balance in his hands of $2,857.96, to one-half of which Sharp is justly entitled; that said commissioner afterwards collected a part of said notes and bonds' and paid the same into the treasury of Lawrence County, and the residue of said fund, consisting of notes against solvent parties residing in Sharp County, he had placed in the hands of the defendants, Huddleston and Wilson, as his agents, for collection, and that said claims had been prosecuted to judgment; but nothing had been realized and the judgments remained unpaid.
¶4The bill further stated that in the year 1876 the internal improvement commissioner of Sharp had made demand upon the commissioner of Lawrence County for a settlement and division of said fund; but the demand was not complied with, and shortly thereafter the last-mentioned commissioner had made his final report and resigned; since which time the office had been vacant.
¶5The purpose of the bill was to recover Sharp’s due proportion of this fund, and to this end there was a prayer for an account and for authority to enforce collection of the outstanding claims alleged to have been abandoned by Lawrence County.
¶6This bill was dismissed upon a demurrer which challenged the jurisdiction of the court and the sufficiency of the bill to state a cause of action. ■
¶7Under the Code of Practice a transitory action may be brought in any county in which the defendant, or one of several defendants, resides, or is summoned. (Gantt’s Digest, sec. 4545.) Here two other defendants were joined, whose residence was in Sharp County. But it is apparent, from an inspection of the bill, that Huddleston and Wilson had no interest in the suit. No relief was prayed against them, and no decree could have been rendered against them, not even for costs. They were mere agents of a former commissioner of Lawrence County; and an agent without interest against whom there is no charge of fraud connected with the transaction, ought not to be made a party. (Gartland v. Dunn, 11 Ark., 721; Goodman v. Moore, 22 Ib., 192.) The demurrer must then be determined as if Huddleston and Wilson were no parties to the record. Eor jurisdiction cannot be acquired in such cases by inserting a fictitious defendant, against whom the plainfiff is not entitled to a judgment. Randall v. Shropshire, 4 Metc. (Ky.), 327.
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¶9Considering Lawrence County as the sole defendant, it is obvious that the Circuit Court of Sharp had no more jurisdiction than the Circuit Court of any other county in the State where the suit might have been begun and a writ issued to Lawrence County. A county can not be sued alone in any other State court, except one which sits within its own borders, for nowhere else can it be served with process.
¶10It follows that the Shai’p Circuit Court had no jurisdiction over Lawrence County. And we are also of opinion that it had none over the subject-matter of the suit. The county court of each county has exclusive original jurisdiction to audit, settle and direct the payment of all demands against the county. (Mansfield’s Digest, sec. 1407.) And by act of February 27,1879, the Legislature expressly repealed all laws declaring counties to be corporations, and forbade suits against them except in the county court. Whatever may be the effect of this last-mentioned act upon the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court in actions upon liquidated demands, as in Pulaski County v. Reeve, 42 Ark., 54, where a county had issued its bonds, yet the claim must begin in the county court, where a liquidation, adjustment or apportionment of the demand, as in this case, must first be had, before any judgment can be rendered. If that tribunal declines to act at all upon the claim, it may be set in motion by a mandamus. If it rejects the claim or allows too small an amount, its action is subject to review on appeal. And when the ease reaches the Circuit Court, if the claimant believes he cannot have a fair and impartial trial before a jury of the defendant county, doubtless he may change the venue, under chapter 153 of Mansfield’s Digest.
¶11Decree affirmed.