44 Cal. 3d 216 - People v. Snow’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 135 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 154 later decisions — most recently January 2022 · most notably 16 Cal. 4th 153 - People v. Williams (1997), 1 Cal. 4th 1132 - People v. Howard (1992)
13 federal appellate · 135 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · 22 Cal. 3d 258 - People v. Wheeler · California v. Ramos · 30 Cal. 3d 553 - People v. Ramos · 42 Cal. 3d 711 - People v. Turner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 154 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he proceedings were conducted more than three years ago. It is unrealistic to believe that the prosecutor could now recall in greater detail his reasons for the exercise of the peremptory challenges in issue, or that the trial judge could assess those reasons, as required, which would demand that he recall the circumstances of the case, and the manner in which the prosecutor examined the venire and exercised his other challenges.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“[T]he presence of two and then three members of the cognizable group in the jury box at all times afforded the defendant a representative cross-section of the community and afforded equal protection to all, the defendant, the prospective jurors excused and the community at large. There was no prima facie case of exclusion for group bias demonstrated at any time.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Carrera v. Ayers · People v. Smith“Although the passing of certain jurors [within a cognizable group] may be an indication of the prosecutor's good faith in exercising his peremptories, and may be an appropriate factor for the trial judge to consider in ruling on [the prima facie portion of] a Wheeler objection”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.