44 Cal. 3d 975 - People v. Wade’s Empirical Analysis
1988
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 70 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 84 later decisions — most recently January 2009 · most notably 2 Cal. 4th 408 - People v. Mincey (1992), 2 Cal. 4th 870 - People v. Raley (1992)
8 federal appellate · 70 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Anders v. California · United States v. Cronic · Zant v. Stephens · Herring v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 84 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1. That the murder was intentional, and [¶] 2. That the murder involved the infliction of torture. [¶] To prove the infliction of torture, the infliction of extreme physical pain must be proved no matter how long its duration. [¶] Awareness of pain by the deceased is not a necessary element of torture.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“Although the special circumstance instruction, viewed in isolation, did not, by its express terms, explain that the “infliction of torture” element of the special circumstance included an intent-to-inflict-cruel-pain requirement, we believe that in light of the accompanying torture-murder instruction and the argument of counsel on this point there is no reasonable likelihood that the jury was misled on this issue.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“intent to cause cruel pain and suffering”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.