Russell A. Kelm v. C. Hyatt’s Empirical Analysis
44 F.3d 415 · 1995
Citation profile
18 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently September 2020 · most notably Schilling v. White (1995), Brindley v. McCullen (1995)
18 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Anderson v. Creighton · Younger v. Harris · Pierson v. Ray
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) state proceedings are pending; (2) the state proceedings involve an important state interest; and (3) the state proceedings will afford the plaintiff an adequate opportunity to raise his constitutional claims.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in the absence of unambiguous authority to the contrary.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“These traditional domestic relations issues qualify as important state issues under the second element of Younger .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Alexander v. Morgan
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.