Umbehr v. McClure’s Empirical Analysis
44 F.3d 876 · 1995
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2013
7 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Warth v. Seldin · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“simply assumed that an independent contractor could assert a First Amendment retaliation claim”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“an independent contractor is protected under the First Amendment from retaliatory governmental action, just as an employee would be,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.