United States v. Spell’s Empirical Analysis
44 F.3d 936 · 1995
Citation profile
102 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 142 later decisions — most recently March 2020 · most notably United States v. Rodriguez (2002), United States v. Shannon (1996)
102 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Taylor v. United States · Stinson v. United States · Norman v. Reed · Irwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs · Youngberg v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 142 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another,”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] district court only may inquire into the conduct surrounding a conviction if ambiguities in the judgment make the crime of violence determination impossible from the face of the judgment itself.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“easily produced and evaluated court documents, including the judgment of conviction, charging papers, plea agreement, presentence report adopted by the court, and the findings of a sentencing judge.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.