Utsler v. Erickson’s Empirical Analysis
440 F.2d 140 · 1971
Citation profile
18
cited by 18 later decisions
4
states following
November 1980
most recently cited
9 federal appellate · 1 district · 6 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · United States v. Wade · Stovall v. Denno · Gilbert v. California · Harris v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“police in investigating a probable offense may ask preliminary questions on identification and the recent whereabouts of persons under suspicion in order to proceed with the investigation and quickly eliminate those who appear to be beyond suspicion.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.