Commonwealth v. Miranda’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

37 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““have gone forward on the repeat-offender component of the second indictment. Principles of double jeopardy would not have operated to prevent the judge from finding the defendant guilty of distribution of heroin as a second or subsequent offense under the sentence enhancement component of the second indictment.””

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Owen

2. “to be tried ... first, on the underlying substantive crime and, then, in a separate proceeding, on that component of the charge referring to the crime as a second or subsequent offense”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Ruiz

3. “a person who acts as a lookout while others are engaged in a criminal enterprise can be convicted on a joint enterprise theory”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 94 Mass. App. Ct. 1122 - Commonwealth v. Sanford