Sandstrom v. Montana’s Empirical Analysis
1979
Citation profile
1,933 federal appellate · 172 district · 3,182 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 6,466 later decisions (140 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000), Teague v. Lane (1989)
1,933 federal appellate · 172 district · 3,182 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Roviaro v. United States · Morissette v. United States
Cited together with In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Francis v. Franklin · Chapman v. State of California · Mullaney v. Wilbur · Cupp v. Naughten
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6,466 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the law presumes that a person intends the ordinary consequences of his voluntary acts.”
238 later decisions quote this exact passage“not rhetorically inconsistent with a conclusive or burden-shifting presumption.”
28 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“law presumes that a person intends the ordinary consequences of his voluntary acts”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.